Validation of 4D flow based relative pressure maps in the aorta
Résumé
Purpose: While the clinical gold standard for pressure difference measurements is invasive catheterization, 4D Flow is a promising tool for enabling a non-invasive quantification, by linking highly spatially resolved velocity measurements with pressure differences via the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. In this work we provide a validation and comparison with phantom and clinical patient data of pressure difference maps estimators.
Methods: We compare the classical Pressure Poisson Estimator (PPE) and the new Stokes Estimator (STE) against catheter pressure measurements under a variety of stenosis severities and flow intensities. To validate both methods in controlled experiments, we include several 4D Flow data sets of realistic aortic phantoms with different anatomic and hemodynamic severities. To show the clinical applicability of both methods, we also include 4D Flow data sets of two patients with aortic coarctation (non repaired and repaired).
Results: The STE method, applied to high resolution in-vitro data including all investigated AoCo severities under rest and stress conditions, resulted in a RMSE in the pressure drop with respect to catheter measurements at peak systole of 5.85mmHg, whereas the PPE method yielded a RMSE of 11.41 mmHg. On a segmentation with the lumen radius reduced by one voxel, the RMSE of the STE method was 5.00 mmHg and the RMSE of the PPE method was 9.01 mmHg. Conclusion: The STE method yields more accurate results than the PPE method compared to catheterization data. The results indicate an improved robustness of the STE method with respect to variation in lumen segmentation.
Keywords: 4D Flow, pressure difference, catheter, PPE, STE, clinical and experimental validation
Domaines
Imagerie
Origine : Fichiers produits par l'(les) auteur(s)
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