The increase in the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere due to the intensive burning of fossil fuels, for the energy needs of our modern society, has strongly contributed to global warming. One of the promising strategies to fight this menace is to capture atmospheric CO2 and convert it into value added products, including fuels and chemicals. Among the methods developed for the transformation of CO2, the sunlight-activated photocatalytic conversion appears as a renewable and easy to use method. For this purpose, it is required to have at disposal proper materials to act as catalysts and light absorbing materials to harvest sun energy, and then to combine these components with an electron carrier in an efficient way in order to access the desired fuels by photocatalytic sustainable CO2 conversion. Among the efforts in research dedicated to the production of solar fuels, studies focused on the design and development of bio-based photocatalytic systems as an alternative to conventional photocatalytic systems have emerged in the literature in the last decade. The objective of this review is to show the readers the recent advances in the fabrication of bio-based photocatalysts for the transformation of CO2 into value added products. This review specifically focuses on the conversion of CO2 into carbon monoxide, methanol, formic acid/formate, and acetic acid, which are the main target products described. Methods adopted to enhance the selectivity and efficiency of the bio-derived photocatalysts developed are also discussed, and a section is dedicated to computational investigations. Finally, the current challenges and perspectives in the development and use of these novel and greener photocatalysts are presented.