From microscopic to macroscopic scale equations: mean field, hydrodynamic and graph limits
Résumé
Considering finite particle systems, we elaborate on various ways to pass to the limit as the
number of agents tends to infinity, either by mean field limit, deriving the Vlasov equation,
or by hydrodynamic or graph limit, obtaining the Euler equation. We provide convergence
estimates. We also show how to pass from Liouville to Vlasov or to Euler by taking adequate
moments. Our results encompass and generalize a number of known results of the literature.
As a surprising consequence of our analysis, we show that sufficiently regular solutions of any
linear PDE can be approximated by solutions of systems of N particles, to within 1/ log log(N ).
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