Land-use and land-cover changes are ranked as the greatest driver of declines in nature and biodiversity. Combined with the exploitation of nature through deforestation, conversion for agriculture, and livestock production, these threats are identified to be responsible for anthropogenic biodiversity decline (IPBES, 2019 and 2021). Reliable reconstructions of past land-cover are crucial for improving our understanding of past land cover interactions with biodiversity. Here we use the latest pollen-based land-cover reconstruction, the third generation (Serge et al. in prep). The Regional Estimates of VEgetation Abundance from Large Sites_REVEALS” model (Sugita 20007) was applied on pollen data from ca 1600 sites across Europe to produce grid-based estimates of past plant abundance for 539 1°x1° grid cells in 25 time windows during the Holocene for 31 taxa. This new dataset provides unique possibilities to explore spatial-temporal changes in past land-cover and biodiversity over long time periods. This projects aim is (i) to recognize biogeographic regions during the Holocene and its movements and shifts from the last glacial maximum to the present time (ii) to derive past diversity indices (α - and β - diversity) within each of the biogeographic regions and (iii) to identify the species contributing to the groups and the β - diversity. Seven major biogeographic regions in Europe were identified: the Mediterranean vegetation, the Abies-Fagus forest, the broadleaved mixed forest, the Betula-Pinus forest, the Pinus-Picea forest, the open vegetation and the Cerealia-group. The Mediterranean vegetation and the Cerealia-group are very stable in their location. On the contrary, massive changes in extension and location can be observed in the other groups. Central Europe is occupied in the early Holocene by Betula-Pinus-forest, where it’s replaced by the broadleaved-mixed forest and later by the open vegetation. α - diversity in terms of richness increases constantly through time in all groups. Abies-Fagus-forests have the highest richness and open landscape the lowest. α – diversity in terms of richness of abundant species on the other hand is the highest in broadleaved forests and lowest in Abies-Fagus-forests. The highest β - diversity can be found in the Middle East and the Mediterranean group.