Is your FPGA bitstream Hardware Trojan-free? Machine learning can provide an answer - Archive ouverte HAL
Article Dans Une Revue Journal of Systems Architecture Année : 2022

Is your FPGA bitstream Hardware Trojan-free? Machine learning can provide an answer

Résumé

Software exploitable Hardware Trojan Horses (HTHs) inserted into commercial CPUs allow the attacker to run his/her own software or to gain unauthorized privileges. Recently a novel menace raised: HTHs inserted by CAD tools. A consequence of such scenario is that HTHs must be considered a serious threat not only by academy but also by industry. In this paper we try to answer to the following question: can Machine Learning (ML) help designers of microprocessor softcores implemented onto SRAM-based FPGAs at detecting HTHs introduced by the employed CAD tool during the generation of the bitstream? We present a comparative analysis of the ability of several ML models at detecting the presence of HTHs in the bitstream by exploiting a previously performed characterization of the microprocessor softcore and an associated ML training. An experimental analysis has been carried out targeting the IBEX RISC-V microprocessor running a set of benchmark programs. A detailed comparison of multiple ML models is conducted, showing that many of them achieve accuracy above 98%, and κ values above 0.97. By identifying the most effective ML models and the best features to be employed, this paper lays the foundation for the integration of a ML-based bitstream verification flow.

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hal-04685424 , version 1 (06-09-2024)

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Alessandro Palumbo, Luca Cassano, Bruno Luzzi, José Alberto Hernández, Pedro Reviriego, et al.. Is your FPGA bitstream Hardware Trojan-free? Machine learning can provide an answer. Journal of Systems Architecture, 2022, 128, ⟨10.1016/j.sysarc.2022.102543⟩. ⟨hal-04685424⟩
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