Satellite-detected large CO2 release in southwestern North America during the 2020–2021 drought and associated wildfires
Résumé
Abstract Southwestern North America (SWNA) continuously experienced megadroughts and large wildfires in 2020 and 2021. Here, we quantified their impact on the terrestrial carbon budget using net biome production (NBP) estimates from an ensemble of atmospheric inversions assimilating in-situ CO 2 and Carbon Observatory – 2 (OCO-2) satellite XCO 2 retrievals (OCO-2 v10 MIP Extension), two satellite-based gross primary production (GPP) datasets, and two fire CO 2 emission datasets. We found that the 2020 – 2021 drought and associated wildfires in SWNA led to a large CO 2 loss, an ensemble mean of 95.07 TgC estimated by the satellite inversions using both nadir and glint XCO 2 retrievals (LNLG) within the OCO-2 v10 MIP, greater than 80% of SWNA’s annual total carbon sink. Moreover, the carbon loss in 2020 was mainly contributed by fire emissions while in 2021 mainly contributed by drought impacts on terrestrial carbon uptake. In addition, the satellite inversions indicated the huge carbon loss was mainly contributed by fire emissions from forests and grasslands along with carbon uptake reductions due to drought impacts on grasslands and shrublands. This study provides a process understanding of how some droughts and following wildfires affect the terrestrial carbon budget on a regional scale.
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