Optimal Pricing Strategies for Charging Stations in the Frequency Containment Reserves Market for Vehicle-to-Grid Integration
Résumé
Electric vehicles and the electric vehicle charging station infrastructure play crucial roles in sustainable energy systems. We propose an innovative approach that utilizes aggregated electric vehicles for grid-balancing services in the auxiliary market. Our model gives electric vehicle state of charge (SoC) over time and space, considering factors like driver behavior, state of charge levels, and charging/discharging costs. This approach informs decisions about optimal charging times. Charging station operators participate in the frequency containment reserves market in collaboration with aggregators. We introduce an optimization framework which establishes pricing strategies to maximize profits for aggregators and charging station operators while minimizing charging costs for electric vehicle users. Our findings demonstrate the effectiveness of this strategy in realistic simulations, integrating electric vehicle mobility and the electricity frequency containment reserves market.
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