In this paper we construct equivalences of monoidal categories relating three geometric or representation-theoretic categorical incarnations of the affine Hecke algebra of a connected reductive algebraic group $G$ over a field of positive characteristic: a category of Harish-Chandra bimodules for the Lie algebra of $G$; the derived category of equivariant coherent sheaves on (a completed version of) the Steinberg variety of the Frobenius twist $G^{(1)}$ of $G$; a derived category of constructible sheaves on the affine flag variety of reductive group which is Langlands dual to $G^{(1)}$. These constructions build on the localization theory developed by the first author with Mirković and Rumynin and previous work of ours (partly joint with L. Rider), and provide an analogue for positive-characteristic coefficients of a construction of the first author. As an application, we prove a conjecture by Finkelberg-Mirković giving a geometric realization of the principal block of algebraic representations of $G$.