An overview of the ORACLES (ObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and their intEractionS) project: aerosol–cloud–radiation interactions in the southeast Atlantic basin - Archive ouverte HAL Accéder directement au contenu
Article Dans Une Revue Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Année : 2021

An overview of the ORACLES (ObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and their intEractionS) project: aerosol–cloud–radiation interactions in the southeast Atlantic basin

Jens Redemann (1) , Robert Wood (2) , Paquita Zuidema (2) , Sarah J. Doherty (2) , Bernadette Luna (3) , Samuel E. Leblanc (3) , Michael S. Diamond (2) , Yohei Shinozuka (4) , Ian Y Chang (1) , Rei Ueyama (3) , Leonhard Pfister (3) , Ju-Mee Ryoo (3) , Amie N Dobracki (5) , Arlindo M. da Silva (6) , Karla M Longo (7) , Meloë S Kacenelenbogen (4) , Connor J Flynn (1) , Kristina Pistone (3) , Nichola M. Knox (8) , Stuart J. Piketh (9) , James M. Haywood (10) , Paola Formenti (11, 12) , Marc Mallet (13) , Philip Stier (14) , Andrew S Ackerman (15) , Susanne E Bauer (15) , Ann M Fridlind (15) , Gregory R Carmichael (16) , Pablo E. Saide (17) , Gonzalo A Ferrada (16) , Steven G Howell (18) , Steffen Freitag (18) , Brian Cairns (15) , Brent N. Holben (6) , Kirk D. Knobelspiesse (6) , Simone Tanelli (19) , Tristan S. L'Ecuyer (19) , Andrew M Dzambo (19) , Ousmane O. Sy (20) , Greg M. Mcfarquhar (1) , Michael R. Poellot (21) , Siddhant Gupta (1) , Joseph R O'Brien (21) , Athanasios Nenes , Mary Kacarab , Jenny P S Wong , Jennifer D Small-Griswold , Kenneth L Thornhill , David Noone , James R Podolske , K. Sebastian Schmidt , Peter Pilewskie , Hong Chen , Sabrina P Cochrane , Arthur J Sedlacek , Timothy J Lang , Eric Stith , Michal Segal-Rozenhaimer (3, 22) , Richard A. Ferrare , Sharon P. Burton , Chris A Hostetler , David J. Diner (20) , Felix C. Seidel (20) , Steven E. Platnick (6) , Jeffrey S. Myers (23) , Kerry G. Meyer (6) , Douglas A. Spangenberg (24) , Hal Maring (25) , Lan Gao (1)
Jens Redemann
Robert Wood
Paquita Zuidema
Samuel E. Leblanc
Michael S. Diamond
Yohei Shinozuka
  • Fonction : Auteur
Ian Y Chang
Arlindo M. da Silva
Meloë S Kacenelenbogen
  • Fonction : Auteur
Kristina Pistone
Philip Stier
Ann M Fridlind
Pablo E. Saide
Gonzalo A Ferrada
Steffen Freitag
Brent N. Holben
Kirk D. Knobelspiesse
Tristan S. L'Ecuyer
Andrew M Dzambo
Greg M. Mcfarquhar
Siddhant Gupta
Athanasios Nenes
Mary Kacarab
  • Fonction : Auteur
Jenny P S Wong
  • Fonction : Auteur
Jennifer D Small-Griswold
Kenneth L Thornhill
  • Fonction : Auteur
David Noone
  • Fonction : Auteur
James R Podolske
  • Fonction : Auteur
K. Sebastian Schmidt
Peter Pilewskie
  • Fonction : Auteur
Hong Chen
Sabrina P Cochrane
  • Fonction : Auteur
Arthur J Sedlacek
Timothy J Lang
Eric Stith
  • Fonction : Auteur
Richard A. Ferrare
  • Fonction : Auteur
Sharon P. Burton
  • Fonction : Auteur
Chris A Hostetler
  • Fonction : Auteur
Felix C. Seidel
Hal Maring
  • Fonction : Auteur
Lan Gao
  • Fonction : Auteur

Résumé

Abstract. Southern Africa produces almost a third of the Earth's biomass burning (BB) aerosol particles, yet the fate of these particles and their influence on regional and global climate is poorly understood. ORACLES (ObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and their intEractionS) is a 5-year NASA EVS-2 (Earth Venture Suborbital-2) investigation with three intensive observation periods designed to study key atmospheric processes that determine the climate impacts of these aerosols. During the Southern Hemisphere winter and spring (June–October), aerosol particles reaching 3–5 km in altitude are transported westward over the southeast Atlantic, where they interact with one of the largest subtropical stratocumulus (Sc) cloud decks in the world. The representation of these interactions in climate models remains highly uncertain in part due to a scarcity of observational constraints on aerosol and cloud properties, as well as due to the parameterized treatment of physical processes. Three ORACLES deployments by the NASA P-3 aircraft in September 2016, August 2017, and October 2018 (totaling ∼350 science flight hours), augmented by the deployment of the NASA ER-2 aircraft for remote sensing in September 2016 (totaling ∼100 science flight hours), were intended to help fill this observational gap. ORACLES focuses on three fundamental science themes centered on the climate effects of African BB aerosols: (a) direct aerosol radiative effects, (b) effects of aerosol absorption on atmospheric circulation and clouds, and (c) aerosol–cloud microphysical interactions. This paper summarizes the ORACLES science objectives, describes the project implementation, provides an overview of the flights and measurements in each deployment, and highlights the integrative modeling efforts from cloud to global scales to address science objectives. Significant new findings on the vertical structure of BB aerosol physical and chemical properties, chemical aging, cloud condensation nuclei, rain and precipitation statistics, and aerosol indirect effects are emphasized, but their detailed descriptions are the subject of separate publications. The main purpose of this paper is to familiarize the broader scientific community with the ORACLES project and the dataset it produced.
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hal-04450097 , version 1 (09-02-2024)

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Jens Redemann, Robert Wood, Paquita Zuidema, Sarah J. Doherty, Bernadette Luna, et al.. An overview of the ORACLES (ObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and their intEractionS) project: aerosol–cloud–radiation interactions in the southeast Atlantic basin. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2021, 21 (3), pp.1507-1563. ⟨10.5194/acp-21-1507-2021⟩. ⟨hal-04450097⟩
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