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Communication Dans Un Congrès Année : 2023

SPATIAL SHIFTS OF SUITABILITY FOR THE WINE PRODUCTION IN EUROPEAN WINE REGIONS

Cristian Valeriu Patriche
Laure de Rességuier
L.G. Santesteban
Marco Hofmann
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Foss Chris
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Renan Le Roux
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  • IdHAL : rnleroux

Résumé

Research in the last two decades reveal significant shifts in viticulture and the wine production as an effect of climate change. The 0.89 °C increase of average global temperature during the XX century has as a consequences today a faster development of grapevine growing stages and early maturation of the grapes, higher sugar accumulation in grapes and lower acidity, changing the well-known sensory profile of wines, changing the specific climate of traditional vineyards, the diminution of climate suitability for the wine production in Mediterranean climate zone and the emergence of areas with viticultural potential beyond the northern limit of vine culture (50 ° N). Expected increases by 1.4...5.8 ° C of global average temperature to end of sec. XX will accentuate these effects and will radically change the spatial distribution of viticulture on the globe as well as the structure of the wine types production, as we know it today. Since viticulture and the wine production are the components of a globally billion-dollars industry, research strives to understand the impact of climate change on viticulture in all their details and find adaptation solutions. In this sphere of study was included the research carried out between 2014 and 2020 in the framework of the European project LIFE ADVICLIM (http://www.adviclim.eu/), coordinated by CNRS/University Rennes 2 (France) and bringing together researchers from France, Germany, United Kingdom, Romania and Spain, aiming to find solutions to adapt viticulture to climate change. The pilot sites of the project were located in Saint Emillion - Bordeaux; Saumur Champigny and Coteaux du Layon - Val de Loire, France; Plumpton - South Sussex, United Kingdom; Rüdesheim - Rheingau, Germany; Cotnari - Romania; and Ausejo and Carbonera - La Rioja, Spain. Using networks of temperature sensors that record temperature variation in each pilot site, the project aimed to identify the changes occurring in the climate of vineyards on a fine scale. These analyses, based on the calculation of bioclimatic indices in relation to climate change, allowed to make a theoretical estimation of spatial shifts of suitability for the wine production in the studied wine regions. The results achieved in the ADVICLIM project have revealed major changes in the climate suitability for the wine production in all studied wine regions, regardless of climate type: changes in the multiannual average of bioclimatic indices, indicating, in some cases, that the vineyards climate passed to another class of suitability for the wine production. Such an example is the Cotnari wine region in Romania, a traditional white wine producer that, due to temperature increasing, has switched to the production of red wines too. Similar changes have taken place in the other pilot sites of the project: the occurrence of climate suitability for the wine production in Carbonera – La Rioja, at higher altitude of about 850 m asl, unsuitable for viticulture in the past; an increase in the heliothermal resources in Rüdesheim, where the research have indicated that even the production of red wines will soon be possible; also increases in climate suitability for the wine production in Plumpton, South Sussex - UK, where the climate, still remaining at the lower limit of suitability for viticulture, indicates that quality white wines in the near future it will be possible to produce. These shifts in suitability are accompanied by significant spatial shifts, namely shifting the area of climate suitability for the production of a certain wine type to higher altitude, if the relief allows, and to northern, cooler latitudes. The research carried out in the ADVICLIM project has revealed shifts of suitability in all areas with hilly relief: in Rheingau, on the Rhein Valley, the cool climate specific to the area, suitable for wine grape varieties such as Müller-Thurgau and Riesling moves higher on altitude from an average of 110 m asl in the past (1950-1990) to about 210 m asl at present, being replaced in the low area at 60-70 m asl by a new class of suitability, which allows the cultivation of the Cabernet Franc and Merlot varieties. Also, in Spain, in Ausejo, the climate suitable for Tempranillo and Grenache moved above 80 m asl, from an average of about 320 m asl in the past to about 400 m asl today. Regarding the latitude shifts, the ADVICLIM project has found out that in the La Rioja region, the temperate – warm climate, suitable for Grenache and Tempranillo shifted from an average latitude of 42,327 °N lat. to 42,427 °N lat.; while on the Rhine Valley, where the cool climate specific to the area shifted from an average latitude of 49,960 °N to an average latitude of 49,987 °N.
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Dates et versions

hal-04363803 , version 1 (26-12-2023)

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  • HAL Id : hal-04363803 , version 1

Citer

Liviu Irimia, Cristian Valeriu Patriche, Hervé Quénol, Cyril Tissot, Théo Petitjean, et al.. SPATIAL SHIFTS OF SUITABILITY FOR THE WINE PRODUCTION IN EUROPEAN WINE REGIONS. 44th world congress of vine and wine, OIV, Jun 2023, Jerez, Spain. ⟨hal-04363803⟩
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