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Article Dans Une Revue Molecular Biology and Evolution Année : 2023

Pithoviruses Are Invaded by Repeats That Contribute to Their Evolution and Divergence from Cedratviruses

Résumé

Pithoviridae are amoeba-infecting giant viruses possessing the largest viral particles known so far. Since the discovery of Pithovirus sibericum, recovered from a 30,000-yr-old permafrost sample, other pithoviruses, and related cedratviruses, were isolated from various terrestrial and aquatic samples. Here, we report the isolation and genome sequencing of 2 Pithoviridae from soil samples, in addition to 3 other recent isolates. Using the 12 available genome sequences, we conducted a thorough comparative genomic study of the Pithoviridae family to decipher the organization and evolution of their genomes. Our study reveals a nonuniform genome organization in 2 main regions: 1 concentrating core genes and another gene duplications. We also found that Pithoviridae genomes are more conservative than other families of giant viruses, with a low and stable proportion (5% to 7%) of genes originating from horizontal transfers. Genome size variation within the family is mainly due to variations in gene duplication rates (from 14% to 28%) and massive invasion by inverted repeats. While these repeated elements are absent from cedratviruses, repeatrich regions cover as much as a quarter of the pithoviruses genomes. These regions, identified using a dedicated pipeline, are hotspots of mutations, gene capture events, and genomic rearrangements that contribute to their evolution.
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Dates et versions

hal-04299501 , version 1 (22-11-2023)

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Sofia Rigou, Alain Schmitt, Jean-Marie Alempic, Audrey Lartigue, Peter Vendloczki, et al.. Pithoviruses Are Invaded by Repeats That Contribute to Their Evolution and Divergence from Cedratviruses. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 2023, ⟨10.1093/molbev/msad244⟩. ⟨hal-04299501⟩
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