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Chapitre D'ouvrage Année : 2022

Prenatal systemic hypoxiaischemia: A rat model of neurodevelopmental disorders related to prematurity

Masahiro Tsuji
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Résumé

Premature birth represents about 11% of pregnancies overall and is increasing worldwide. The prevalence of brain damage and neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) related to prematurity is high and increasing. Etiological factors of perinatal brain injury in preterm children mainly involve exposure to systemic infection/inflammation, hypoxia/ischemia or hyperoxia, placental pathologies, foetal growth restriction or infections, maternal hypotension, hypoxemia, preeclampsia, diabetes, as well as multiple birth, stress, air pollution or drug abuse. Several animal models have been developped to better understand the perinatal etiological factors and mechanisms underlying the emergence of NDDs. Among rat models of prenatal brain injury, mild intrauterine hypoperfusion (MIUH) at embryonic day 17 (E17), transient systemic hypoxia-ischemia (TSHI) at E18, reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) from E14 and permanent stenosis of uterine arteries at E17 using ameroid constrictors (AC) are gathered here as prenatal systemic hypoxia-ischemia (PSHI). Briefly, these models of PSHI induce intrauterine growth restriction, low birth weight, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, neuroinflammation, diffuse brain damage including white and gray matter injuries, astrogliosis, hyperexcitability related to homeostatic imbalance of intracellular chloride concentration, musculoskeletal pathologies, sensorimotor disturbances, impaired behavior and cognition, and deficits in executive functions related to maladaptive plasticity and network disorganization in the central nervous system (CNS). These preclinical models point out several mechanisms of action and are promising for developing new strategies of prevention, remediation and rehabilitation of the NDDs related to prematurity.
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Dates et versions

hal-04244788 , version 1 (17-10-2023)

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Jacques-Olivier Coq, Masahiro Tsuji. Prenatal systemic hypoxiaischemia: A rat model of neurodevelopmental disorders related to prematurity. Handbook of Animal Models in Neurological Disease, 2022, 978-0-323-89833-1. ⟨10.1016/B978-0-323-89833-1.00005-7⟩. ⟨hal-04244788⟩
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