We consider the stabilization of a class of linear evolution systems z ′ = Az + Bv under the observation y = Cz by means of a finite dimensional control v. The control is based on the design of a Luenberger observer which can be infinite or finite dimensional (of dimension large enough). In the infinite dimensional case, the operator A is supposed to generate an analytical semigroup with compact resolvent and the operators B and C are unbounded operators whereas in the finite dimensional case, A is assumed to be a self-adjoint operator with compact resolvent, B and C are supposed to be bounded operators. In both cases, we show that if (A, B) and (A, C) verify the Fattorini-Hautus Criterion, then we can construct an observer-based control v of finite dimension (greater or equal than largest geometric multiplicity of the unstable eigenvalues of A) such that the evolution problem is exponentially stable. As an application, we study the stabilization of the N dimensional convection-diffusion system with Dirichlet boundary control and an internal observation.