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Article Dans Une Revue Journal of Neuroscience Année : 2023

From motivation to action: action cost better predicts changes in pre-movement beta-band activity than speed

Résumé

Although pre-movement beta-band event-related desynchronization (13-30 Hz; β-ERD) from sensorimotor regions is modulated by movement speed, current evidence does not support a strict monotonic association between the two. Given that β-ERD is thought to increase information encoding capacity, we tested the hypothesis that it might be related to the expected neurocomputational cost of movement, here referred to as action cost. Critically, action cost is greater both for slow and fast movements as compared to a medium or “preferred” speed. Thirty-one right-handed participants performed a speed-controlled reaching task while recording their EEG. Results revealed potent modulations of β power as a function of speed, with β-ERD being significantly greater both for movements performed at high and low speeds as compared to medium speed. Interestingly, medium-speed movements were more often chosen by participants than low- and high-speed movements, suggesting that they were evaluated as less costly. In line with this, modeling of action cost revealed a pattern of modulation across speed conditions that strikingly resembled the one found for β-ERD. Indeed, linear mixed models showed that estimated action cost predicted variations of β-ERD significantly better than speed. This relationship with action cost was specific to β power, as it was not found when averaging activity in the mu (µ; 8-12 Hz) and gamma (γ; 31-49 Hz) bands. These results demonstrate that increasing β-ERD may not merely speed up movements, but instead facilitate the preparation of high- and low-speed movements through the allocation of additional neural resources, thereby enabling flexible motor control. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Heightened β activity has been associated with movement slowing in Parkinson’s disease and modulations of β activity are commonly used to decode movement parameters in brain-computer interfaces. Here we show that pre-movement β activity is better explained by the neurocomputational cost of the action rather than its speed. Instead of being interpreted as a mere reflection of changes in movement speed, pre-movement changes in β activity might therefore be used to infer the amount of neural resources that are allocated for motor planning.
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hal-04154996 , version 1 (07-07-2023)

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Emeline Pierrieau, Bastien Berret, Jean-François Lepage, Pierre-Michel Bernier. From motivation to action: action cost better predicts changes in pre-movement beta-band activity than speed. Journal of Neuroscience, 2023, pp.JN-RM-0213-23. ⟨10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0213-23.2023⟩. ⟨hal-04154996⟩
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