Bus Electrocardiogram: Vulnerability of SoC-FPGA Internal AXI Buses to Electromagnetic Side-Channel Analysis
Résumé
This article demonstrates a confidential data vul-
nerability in integrated circuits, especially in System-on-Chip
(SoC)-field programmable gate array (FPGA). We demonstrate
that the electromagnetic (EM) emanations of internal Advanced
eXtensible Interface (AXI) standard data bus are exploitable.
Electromagnetic pulses recorded by a near-field probe in the
vicinity of such data bus can be mapped to the underlying data
flux, just as an electrocardiogram (ECG) would map the heart
activity and blood circulation. This vulnerability is demonstrated
by spying on the EM emanations caused by internal bus while
MNIST handwritten digit images are sent through them. The
transmitted MNIST data are found to be framed by pre-amble
and post-amble signals enabling the detection of transmitted data
themselves. Data (images, in this paper) are then reconstituted
by using a simple algorithm.
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