This chapter presents the landscape of welfare markets in Europe and provides tools for the analysis and explanation of their dynamics. It shows how the new sociology of markets helps to better understand the dynamics of welfare markets, which we define as markets that provide social goods and services through the competitive activities of non-state actors. Welfare markets can have different relations to the welfare state. Different types of policy instruments (financial, regulatory, or informational) shape the dynamics of welfare markets, and this chapter identifies the potential variation in outcomes these markets can produce on the productive, allocative, and discursive dimension of market orders. Subsequently, the chapter emphasizes the role of actors in welfare market dynamics and compares the similarities and differences in dynamics of private pensions and domestic/care services.