Mechanical behaviour of a membrane made of human umbilical cord for dental bone regenerative medicine
Résumé
Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is one of the most attractive techniques for restoring oral bone defects following tooth extraction or periodontal disease. To ensure the stability of a dental implant, the GBR technique relies on the use of an occlusive membrane, which is positioned as a barrier over the bone defect, providing space maintenance required for bone growth and preventing the ingrowth of fibrous tissue into the bone defect (Elgali et al. 2017). This membrane has to meet criteria guidelines in terms of mechanical properties, as the membrane has to allow a good handling for dental surgeons, without collapsing into the bone defect. Healthy perinatal tissues are promising biomaterials because they are inexpensive, and universally available (Ferguson and Dodson 2009). Among these tissues, the human umbilical cord, mainly composed of collagen fibres and glycosaminoglycan, especially hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulphate, is expected to offer outstanding opportunities for tissue engineering by serving as a suitable biocompatible membrane for GBR. In this study, a novel membrane derived from the human umbilical cord (UC-membrane) was successfully developed following tissue stripping and freeze-drying processes. Ice crystal formation following tissue freezing is known to induce pore formation within the tissue, hampering their mechanical properties. Herein, the mechanical behaviour of UC-membrane was determined and compared to the Bio-Gide® membrane (gold standard membrane)