Introduction to mechanical metamaterials and their effective properties
Résumé
Metamaterials are rationally designed composites made of building blocks
which are composed of one or more constituent materials. Metamaterial
properties can go beyond those of the ingredient materials, both
qualitatively and quantitatively. In addition, their properties can be
mapped on some generalized continuum model. We present the general
procedure of designing elastic metamaterials based on masses and
springs. We show that using this simple approach we can design any set
of effective properties including linear elastic metamaterials,—defined
by bulk modulus, shear modulus, mass density—and nonlinear
metamaterials,—with instabilities or programmable parts. We present
designs and corresponding numerical calculations to illustrate their
constitutive behavior. Finally, we discuss the addition of a thermal
stimulus to mechanical metamaterials.
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