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Article Dans Une Revue Biogeosciences Année : 2014

Current systematic carbon-cycle observations and the need for implementing a policy-relevant carbon observing system

1 LSCE - Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette]
2 ICOS-ATC - ICOS-ATC
3 VU - Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam]
4 CMCC - Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change
5 JPL - Jet Propulsion Laboratory
6 School of Earth Sciences [Melbourne]
7 IES - JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability
8 IIASA - International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis [Laxenburg]
9 Appalachian State University
10 IBP - Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics [ETH Zürich]
11 SATINV - Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires
12 ORNL - Oak Ridge National Laboratory [Oak Ridge]
13 ECMWF - European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts
14 University of Vienna [Vienna]
15 Université de Liège
16 IUP - Institute of Environmental Physics [Bremen]
17 ESRL - NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory
18 CSIRO-MAR - CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research
19 BU - Boston University [Boston]
20 ASU - Arizona State University [Tempe]
21 BCCR - Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research
22 MPI-BGC - Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry
23 CSIRO - Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra]
24 FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie]
25 OSU - Oregon State University
26 CIRES - Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences
27 JAXA - Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency [Tokyo]
28 TAS - Thales Alenia Space [Toulouse]
29 NREL - Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory [Fort Collins]
30 Newtown, PA 19073
31 ICOS-RAMCES - ICOS-RAMCES
32 Peking University [Beijing]
33 University of Sheffield [Sheffield]
34 Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies
35 NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
36 National ecological observatory network
37 WMO - World Meteorological Organization
38 NASA - National Aeronautics and Space Administration
39 Edin. - University of Edinburgh
40 ESRIN - ESA Centre for Earth Observation
A. Borges
  • Fonction : Auteur
J. Canadell
B. Law
  • Fonction : Auteur
Y. Pan
  • Fonction : Auteur

Résumé

A globally integrated carbon observation and analysis system is needed to improve the fundamental understanding of the global carbon cycle, to improve our ability to project future changes, and to verify the effectiveness of policies aiming to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase carbon sequestration. Building an integrated carbon observation system requires transformational advances from the existing sparse, exploratory framework towards a dense, robust , and sustained system in all components: anthropogenic emissions, the atmosphere, the ocean, and the terrestrial bio-sphere. The paper is addressed to scientists, policymakers, and funding agencies who need to have a global picture of the current state of the (diverse) carbon observations. We identify the current state of carbon observations, and the needs and notional requirements for a global integrated carbon observation system that can be built in the next decade. A key conclusion is the substantial expansion of the ground-based observation networks required to reach the high spatial resolution for CO 2 and CH 4 fluxes, and for carbon stocks for addressing policy-relevant objectives, and attributing flux changes to underlying processes in each region. In order to establish flux and stock diagnostics over areas such as the southern oceans, tropical forests, and the Arctic, in situ observations will have to be complemented with remote-sensing measurements. Remote sensing offers the advantage of dense spatial coverage and frequent revisit. A key challenge is to bring remote-sensing measurements to a level of long-term consistency and accuracy so that they can be efficiently combined in models to reduce uncertainties, in synergy with ground-based data. Bringing tight observational constraints on fossil fuel and land use change emissions will be the biggest challenge for deployment of a policy-relevant integrated carbon observation system. This will require in situ and remotely sensed data at much higher resolution and density than currently achieved for natural fluxes, although over a small land area (cities, industrial sites, power plants), as well as the inclusion of fossil fuel CO 2 proxy measurements such as ra-diocarbon in CO 2 and carbon-fuel combustion tracers. Additionally , a policy-relevant carbon monitoring system should also provide mechanisms for reconciling regional top-down (atmosphere-based) and bottom-up (surface-based) flux estimates across the range of spatial and temporal scales relevant to mitigation policies. In addition, uncertainties for each observation data-stream should be assessed. The success of the system will rely on long-term commitments to monitoring , on improved international collaboration to fill gaps in the current observations, on sustained efforts to improve access to the different data streams and make databases interopera-ble, and on the calibration of each component of the system to agreed-upon international scales.
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Dates et versions

hal-02946439 , version 1 (08-10-2020)

Identifiants

Citer

Philippe Ciais, A. Dolman, A. Bombelli, R. Duren, A. Peregon, et al.. Current systematic carbon-cycle observations and the need for implementing a policy-relevant carbon observing system. Biogeosciences, 2014, 11 (13), pp.3547-3602. ⟨10.5194/BG-11-3547-2014⟩. ⟨hal-02946439⟩
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