An archaeological excavation combined with the study of buildings was conducted on the ruins of an industrial lime kiln of the Panouse valley dating from the second half of the nineteenth century and located in the new Calanques National Park. The site is of particular interest since are associated with the furnace, the limestone quarry supplying the raw material and the grappier-made of combustion residues. This massive short flame continuous furnace presents a major development of the activity of lime burner already very present in this valley. The objectives of this study were to identify the different phases of construction of the kiln and its dependencies, understand its working and analyze its production. One hundred samples including renderings and sealing mortars of stone and brick masonry were taken from different parts of the kiln to identify the materials used and their implementation and try to establish a relative chronology of the construction. The marly limestone quarry, the grappier and some lime remains found in the kiln and in the slaking tank were also sampled and analysed. The lime kiln site of the valley of the Panouse is a major industrial complex set in the hills of Saint-Cyr Carpiagne in the National Park of the Calanques in Marseilles. The valley contains the industrial furnace, the oldest temporary furnaces, quarry, combustible, cooking residues: slag and grappier and annexes : house-tank and stables (Fig. 1). The massive short flame and continue cooking kiln, shows a major evolution of the lime burners craft that was already present in the hills. An archaeological evaluation and study of the building were carried out during restoration work of the kiln. This article describes the lime kiln and presents the results of analyzes of mortars and plasters samples of the building, lime production, combustible and cooking residue. It seeks to demonstrate the contribution of physical and chemical material analysis to the knownledge of the building and of the kiln production.