The volume contains the materials of the conference “Cultures of the Steppe Zone of Eurasia and Their Interaction With Ancient Civilizations”, dedicated to the 110th birth anniversary of Mikhail Petrovich Gryaznov, doctor of historical sciences, Honored Science Worker of the RSFSR, laureate of the State Prize of the USSR, corresponding member of the German Archaeological Institute, a scholar of an encyclopedical knowledge, whose works are rightly included into the “gold reserves” of Russian archaeology. He studied the Eneolithic, Bronze Age and Early Iron Age sites in different regions of Eurasia, and created their historical and cultural periodization. The papers presented to the Conference take the study of the various subjects M. P. Gryaznov worked on to a new level of inquiry. The materials of the Conference sum up the results of the research conducted by Russian and foreign scholars in the last decade (2002–2010). During this period mane new archaeological sites have been studied on a huge territory from the North Black Sea region to Transbaikalia. The newly obtained evidence greatly contributes to our better understanding of the origins and chronology of numerous ancient cultures ranging from the Neolithic to the Middle Ages. Considered are also the problems of paleoanthropology and the evolution of ancient art. In addition, much attention is paid to the use of natural science methods in archaeological research. The presented discussion of current issues in the archaeology of the Eurasian steppe cultures and their interactions with ancient civilizations gives I a new impulse to the study of the earliest past of this tremendous area. Volume 1 includes the materials of sessions I and III–V.