The field of history of mathematics in mathematics education—often referred to as the history and pedagogy of mathematics domain (or, HPM domain)—can be characterized by an interesting and rich past and a vibrant and promising future. In this plenary, I describe highlights from the development of the field, and in doing so, I focus on several ways in which research in the field of history of mathematics in mathematics education offers important connections to frameworks and areas of long-standing interest within mathematics education research, with a particular emphasis on student learning. I share a variety of examples to serve as cases of what has been possible in the HPM domain. Finally, I propose fruitful future directions that call for the contributions of both established and emerging scholars in the field.