A sum-product algorithm with polynomials for computing exact derivatives of the likelihood in Bayesian networks
Résumé
We consider a Bayesian network with a parameter θ. It is well known that the probability of an evidence conditional on θ (the likelihood) can be computed through a sum-product of potentials. In this work we propose a polynomial version of the sum-product algorithm based on generating functions for computing both the likelihood function and all its exact derivatives. For a unidimensional parameter we obtain the derivatives up to order d with a complexity O(C × d 2) where C is the complexity for computing the likelihood alone. For a parameter of p dimensions we obtain the likelihood, the gradient and the Hessian with a complexity O(C × p 2). These complexities are similar to the numerical method with the main advantage that it computes exact derivatives instead of approximations.
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