Invariant density and time asymptotics for collisionless kinetic equations with partly diffuse boundary operators
Résumé
This paper deals with collisionless transport equations
in bounded open domains $\Omega \subset \R^{d}$ $(d\geq 2)$ with $\mathcal{C}^{1}$ boundary $\partial \Omega $, orthogonally
invariant velocity measure $\bm{m}(\d v)$ with support $V\subset \R^{d}$ and stochastic partly diffuse
boundary operators $\mathsf{H}$ relating the outgoing and
incoming fluxes. Under very general conditions, such equations are governed
by stochastic $C_{0}$-semigroups $\left( U_{\mathsf{H}}(t)\right) _{t\geq 0}$ on $%
L^{1}(\Omega \times V,\d x \otimes \bm{m}(\d v)).$ We give a general criterion of irreducibility of $%
\left( U_{\mathsf{H}}(t)\right) _{t\geq 0}$ and we show that, under very natural assumptions, if an invariant density
exists then $\left( U_{\mathsf{H}}(t)\right) _{t\geq 0}$ converges strongly (not
simply in Cesar\`o means) to its ergodic projection. We show also that if no
invariant density exists then $\left( U_{\mathsf{H}}(t)\right) _{t\geq 0}$ is
\emph{sweeping} in the sense that, for any density $\varphi $, the total mass of $%
U_{\mathsf{H}}(t)\varphi $ concentrates near suitable sets of zero measure as $%
t\rightarrow +\infty .$ We show also a general weak compactness theorem
which provides a basis for a general theory on existence of invariant
densities. This theorem is based on a series of results on smoothness and
transversality of the dynamical flow associated to $\left( U_{\mathsf{H}}(t)\right) _{t\geq
0}.$
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