A knowledge-intensive case-based reasoning system has profit of the domain knowledge, together with the case base. Therefore, acquiring new pieces of domain knowledge should improve the accuracy of such a system. This paper presents an approach for knowledge acquisition based on some failures of the system. The CBR system is assumed to produce solutions that are consistent with the domain knowledge but that may be inconsistent with the expert knowledge, and this inconsistency constitutes a failure. Thanks to an interactive analysis of this failure, some knowledge is acquired that contributes to fill the gap from the system knowledge to the expert knowledge. Another type of failures occurs when the solution produced by the system is only partial: some additional pieces of information are required to use it. Once again, an interaction with the expert involves the acquisition of new knowledge. This approach has been implemented in a prototype, called FRAKAS, and tested in the application domain of breast cancer treatment decision support.