High performance MRI simulation of arbitrarily complex flow: A versatile framework
Résumé
PURPOSE: During the last decades, magnetic resonance angiography has been used as a clinical routine for precise and non-invasive exploration of vessels, as well as for diagnosis of the most current neurovascular diseases. Several dedicated codes were developed to simulate specifically the process of arbitrarily complex flow imaging. Though, currently, most of advanced MRI simulators do not include this option and are specialized in static tissues imaging. This work was carried out to expand the possibilities of one of those simulators in order to propose a complete full-featured tool for simulation of any MR experience including flow motion.
THEORY AND METHODS: An extension of JEMRIS, one of the most prevalent high performance open-source software for MRI simulation to date, is presented. Implementing a Lagrangian description of individual spins motion in the code makes possible to simulate any MR experience including both static tissues and arbitrarily complex flow.
RESULTS: The efficiency of this approach is proven by replicating some specific angiographic pulse sequences, such as phase contrast velocimetry, time-of-flight sequence and contrast-enhanced imaging. The appearance of a common flow artifact (misregistration artifact) on an usual acquisition is also reproduced. At last, a simulation of phase contrast on a realistic vessel geometry is presented. Those results include flow data based on theoretical flow model as well as complex numerical data obtained from Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD).
CONCLUSION: The framework introduced provides an efficient and versatile tool for simulation of any MRI experience including physiological fluids with arbitrarily complex flow motion.
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