High-Speed railway stations in Japan. Tha architectural and urban typology of a pragmatic model
Les gares du réseau de lignes à grande vitesse au Japon. Typologie architecturale et urbaine d'un modèle pragmatique
Stazioni dell’alta velocità in Giappone. Tipologia architettonica e urbana di un modello pragmatico
Résumé
The Japanese high-speed railway servicewas launched in 1964, during a time ofrapid economic and demographic growth.It gave birth to a new, standardizedgeneration of railway stations, andembodied the Tokaido Megalopolis.Originally centred on the capital city, itsnetwork now stretches across the entirecountry, seeking a better balance in termsof regional economic development andthe revitalization of peripheral areas.Topographical constraints, natural risksand technical choices (elevated tracks,frequent tunnels, and speci! c rail gauge)led to a physically and technicallyautonomous infrastructure in terms ofland use. The service, running with highfrequency through a historically denseurban network, de! nes the shinkansenas an intercity transportation system: itsstations are located in the city centres,often next to the existing conventionalcentral stations. This policy o8 ers ahigh level of accessibility and completeintermodality.There are three dominant types ofdevelopment in relation to existingurban areas (combined with a centralstation, distant and with or without a localtransport connection). The architecturalmorphology of the shinkansen station asa bridge makes it adaptable to varioussituations. It can be de! ned as a pragmatictype of model.
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