The science case for an orbital mission to Uranus: Exploring the origins and evolution of ice giant planets
C. S. Arridge
(1, 2)
,
N. Achilleos
(2, 3)
,
J. Agarwal
(4)
,
C. B. Agnor
(5)
,
R. Ambrosi
(6)
,
N. André
(7)
,
S. V. Badman
(8, 9)
,
K. Baines
(10, 11)
,
D. Banfield
(12)
,
M. Barthélémy
(13)
,
M. Bisi
(14)
,
J. Blum
(15)
,
T. Bocanegra-Bahamon
(16)
,
B. Bonfond
(17)
,
C. Bracken
(18)
,
P. Brandt
(19)
,
Cyril Briand
(20)
,
Christelle Briois
(21)
,
S. Brooks
(10)
,
J. Castillo-Rogez
(10)
,
T. Cavalié
(22)
,
B. Christophe
(23)
,
A. Coates
(1, 2)
,
G. Collinson
(24)
,
J. F. Cooper
(24)
,
M. Costa-Sitja
(25)
,
R. Courtin
(20)
,
I. A. Daglis
(26)
,
I. de Pater
(27)
,
M. Desai
(28)
,
D. Dirkx
(16)
,
G. Filacchione
(29)
,
M. K. Dougherty
(30)
,
R. W. Ebert
(28)
,
L. N. Fletcher
(31)
,
J. Fortney
(32)
,
I. Gerth
(16)
,
D. Grassi
(29)
,
D. Grodent
(17)
,
E. Grün
(33, 34)
,
J. Gustin
(17)
,
M. Hedman
(35)
,
R. Helled
(36)
,
Pierre Henri
(21)
,
Sebastien Hess
(37)
,
J. K. Hillier
(38)
,
M. H. Hofstadter
(10)
,
R. Holme
(39)
,
M. Horanyi
(34)
,
G. Hospodarsky
(40)
,
S. Hsu
(34)
,
P. Irwin
(41)
,
C. M. Jackman
(42)
,
O. Karatekin
(43)
,
S. Kempf
(34)
,
E. Khalisi
(44)
,
K. Konstantinidis
(45)
,
H. Krüger
(22)
,
W. S. Kurth
(46)
,
C. Labrianidis
(47)
,
V. Lainey
(48)
,
L. L. Lamy
(20)
,
M. Laneuville
(49)
,
D. Lucchesi
(29)
,
A. Luntzer
(50)
,
J. Macarthur
(2)
,
A. Maier
(51)
,
A. Masters
(8, 30)
,
S. Mckenna-Lawlor
(52)
,
H. Melin
(6)
,
Anna Milillo
(29)
,
G. Moragas-Klostermeyer
(53)
,
A. Morschhauser
(54)
,
J. I. Moses
(55)
,
O. Mousis
(56)
,
N. Nettelmann
(32)
,
F. M. Neubauer
(57)
,
T. Nordheim
(1, 2)
,
B. Noyelles
(58)
,
G. S. Orton
(10)
,
M. Owens
(59)
,
R. Peron
(29)
,
C. Plainaki
(29)
,
F. Postberg
(44)
,
N. Rambaux
(60, 20)
,
K. Retherford
(28)
,
S. Reynaud
(61)
,
E. Roussos
(22)
,
C. T. Russell
(62)
,
A. M. Rymer
(1)
,
R. Sallantin
(7)
,
A. Sánchez-Lavega
(63)
,
O. Santolik
(64)
,
J. Saur
(65)
,
K. Sayanagi
(66)
,
P. Schenk
(67)
,
J. Schubert
(68)
,
N. Sergis
(69)
,
E. C. Sittler
(24)
,
A. Smith
(1)
,
F. Spahn
(70)
,
R. Srama
(44)
,
T. Stallard
(3)
,
V. Sterken
(71, 72)
,
Z. Sternovsky
(34)
,
M. Tiscareno
(73)
,
G. Tobie
(74)
,
F. Tosi
(33, 72)
,
M. Trieloff
(38)
,
D. Turrini
(29)
,
E. P. Turtle
(19)
,
S. Vinatier
(20)
,
R. Wilson
(34)
,
P. Zarka
(20)
1
MSSL -
Mullard Space Science Laboratory
2 CPS - Centre for Planetary Sciences [UCL/Birkbeck]
3 Department of Physics and Astronomy [UCL London]
4 ESTEC - European Space Research and Technology Centre
5 QMUL - Queen Mary University of London
6 Space Research Centre [Leicester]
7 IRAP - Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie
8 ISAS - Institute of Space and Astronautical Science
9 Department of Physics [Lancaster]
10 JPL - Jet Propulsion Laboratory
11 University of Wisconsin-Madison
12 Cornell University [New York]
13 IPAG - Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble
14 RAL - STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
15 Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig]
16 TU Delft - Delft University of Technology
17 LPAP - Laboratoire de Physique Atmosphérique et Planétaire
18 Maynooth University - National University of Ireland Maynooth
19 APL - Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD]
20 LESIA - Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique
21 LPCE - Laboratoire de physique et chimie de l'environnement
22 MPS - Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research
23 DPHY, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay (COmUE) [Châtillon]
24 GSFC - NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
25 ESAC - European Space Astronomy Centre
26 Department of Physics [Athens]
27 LBNL - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley]
28 SwRI - Southwest Research Institute [San Antonio]
29 IAPS - Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - INAF
30 Space and Atmospheric Physics Group [London]
31 AOPP - Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford]
32 UC Santa Cruz - University of California [Santa Cruz]
33 MPIK - Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik
34 LASP - Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder]
35 University of Idaho [Moscow, USA]
36 TAU - Tel Aviv University
37 HELIOS - LATMOS
38 Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University
39 School of Environmental Sciences [Liverpool]
40 University of Iowa [Iowa City]
41 Department of Physics [Oxford]
42 School of Physics and Astronomy [Southampton]
43 ROB - Royal Observatory of Belgium = Observatoire Royal de Belgique
44 University of Stuttgart
45 Universität der Bundeswehr München [Neubiberg]
46 Department of Physics and Astronomy [Iowa City]
47 UTesat-Spacecom
48 IMCCE - Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Ephémérides
49 IPGP - Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris
50 Universität Wien = University of Vienna
51 IWF - Space Research Institute of Austrian Academy of Sciences
52 Space Technology Ireland Limited
53 IRS - Institut für Raumfahrtsysteme
54 DLR - Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt
55 SSI - Space Science Institute [Boulder]
56 UTINAM - Univers, Théorie, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphère et environnement, Molécules (UMR 6213)
57 IGM - Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology [Köln]
58 UNamur - Université de Namur [Namur]
59 UOR - University of Reading
60 UPMC - Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 - UFR de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie
61 LKB (Jussieu) - Laboratoire Kastler Brossel
62 IGPP - Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics [Los Angeles]
63 UPV / EHU - Universidad del País Vasco [Espainia] / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea [España] = University of the Basque Country [Spain] = Université du pays basque [Espagne]
64 Institute of Atmospheric Physics
65 IGN - Institut für Geophysik und Meteorologie [Köln]
66 IAP - Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences
67 LPI - Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston]
68 Department of Earth Sciences [USC Los Angeles]
69 Office for Space Research and Applications [Athens]
70 University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam
71 MPIK - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
72 ISSI - International Space Science Institute [Bern]
73 Cornelle University
74 LPG - Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112]
2 CPS - Centre for Planetary Sciences [UCL/Birkbeck]
3 Department of Physics and Astronomy [UCL London]
4 ESTEC - European Space Research and Technology Centre
5 QMUL - Queen Mary University of London
6 Space Research Centre [Leicester]
7 IRAP - Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie
8 ISAS - Institute of Space and Astronautical Science
9 Department of Physics [Lancaster]
10 JPL - Jet Propulsion Laboratory
11 University of Wisconsin-Madison
12 Cornell University [New York]
13 IPAG - Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble
14 RAL - STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
15 Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig]
16 TU Delft - Delft University of Technology
17 LPAP - Laboratoire de Physique Atmosphérique et Planétaire
18 Maynooth University - National University of Ireland Maynooth
19 APL - Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD]
20 LESIA - Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique
21 LPCE - Laboratoire de physique et chimie de l'environnement
22 MPS - Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research
23 DPHY, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay (COmUE) [Châtillon]
24 GSFC - NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
25 ESAC - European Space Astronomy Centre
26 Department of Physics [Athens]
27 LBNL - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley]
28 SwRI - Southwest Research Institute [San Antonio]
29 IAPS - Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - INAF
30 Space and Atmospheric Physics Group [London]
31 AOPP - Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford]
32 UC Santa Cruz - University of California [Santa Cruz]
33 MPIK - Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik
34 LASP - Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder]
35 University of Idaho [Moscow, USA]
36 TAU - Tel Aviv University
37 HELIOS - LATMOS
38 Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University
39 School of Environmental Sciences [Liverpool]
40 University of Iowa [Iowa City]
41 Department of Physics [Oxford]
42 School of Physics and Astronomy [Southampton]
43 ROB - Royal Observatory of Belgium = Observatoire Royal de Belgique
44 University of Stuttgart
45 Universität der Bundeswehr München [Neubiberg]
46 Department of Physics and Astronomy [Iowa City]
47 UTesat-Spacecom
48 IMCCE - Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Ephémérides
49 IPGP - Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris
50 Universität Wien = University of Vienna
51 IWF - Space Research Institute of Austrian Academy of Sciences
52 Space Technology Ireland Limited
53 IRS - Institut für Raumfahrtsysteme
54 DLR - Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt
55 SSI - Space Science Institute [Boulder]
56 UTINAM - Univers, Théorie, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphère et environnement, Molécules (UMR 6213)
57 IGM - Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology [Köln]
58 UNamur - Université de Namur [Namur]
59 UOR - University of Reading
60 UPMC - Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 - UFR de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie
61 LKB (Jussieu) - Laboratoire Kastler Brossel
62 IGPP - Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics [Los Angeles]
63 UPV / EHU - Universidad del País Vasco [Espainia] / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea [España] = University of the Basque Country [Spain] = Université du pays basque [Espagne]
64 Institute of Atmospheric Physics
65 IGN - Institut für Geophysik und Meteorologie [Köln]
66 IAP - Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences
67 LPI - Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston]
68 Department of Earth Sciences [USC Los Angeles]
69 Office for Space Research and Applications [Athens]
70 University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam
71 MPIK - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
72 ISSI - International Space Science Institute [Bern]
73 Cornelle University
74 LPG - Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112]
D. Banfield
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 760902
- ORCID : 0000-0003-2664-0164
Christelle Briois
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 974700
I. de Pater
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 759351
- ORCID : 0000-0002-4278-3168
M. Desai
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 772207
- ORCID : 0000-0002-7318-6008
Pierre Henri
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 750549
- IdHAL : pierre-henri
- ORCID : 0000-0002-6830-3767
- IdRef : 147919185
P. Irwin
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 765320
- ORCID : 0000-0002-6772-384X
V. Lainey
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 764386
- ORCID : 0000-0003-1618-4281
- IdRef : 127148582
M. Laneuville
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 766529
- ORCID : 0000-0001-6022-0046
O. Mousis
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1187172
- IdHAL : olivier-mousis
- ORCID : 0000-0001-5323-6453
B. Noyelles
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 749627
- IdHAL : benoit-noyelles
- ORCID : 0000-0003-4106-8741
- IdRef : 112243649
S. Reynaud
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 445
- IdHAL : serge-reynaud
- ORCID : 0000-0002-1494-696X
- IdRef : 075088924
E. Roussos
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 760240
- ORCID : 0000-0002-5699-0678
G. Tobie
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 179437
- IdHAL : gabriel-tobie
- ORCID : 0000-0002-4494-0294
- IdRef : 081379455
F. Tosi
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 761287
- ORCID : 0000-0003-4002-2434
S. Vinatier
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 740167
- IdHAL : sandrine-vinatier
- ORCID : 0000-0001-5541-2502
- IdRef : 119993503
R. Wilson
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 766225
- ORCID : 0000-0001-9276-2368
P. Zarka
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 755767
- ORCID : 0000-0003-1672-9878
- IdRef : 034944648
Résumé
Giant planets helped to shape the conditions we see in the Solar System today and they account for more than 99% of the mass of the Sun's planetary system. They can be subdivided into the Ice Giants (Uranus and Neptune) and the Gas Giants (Jupiter and Saturn), which differ from each other in a number of fundamental ways. Uranus, in particular is the most challenging to our understanding of planetary formation and evolution, with its large obliquity, low self-luminosity, highly asymmetrical internal field, and puzzling internal structure. Uranus also has a rich planetary system consisting of a system of inner natural satellites and complex ring system, five major natural icy satellites, a system of irregular moons with varied dynamical histories, and a highly asymmetrical magnetosphere. Voyager 2 is the only spacecraft to have explored Uranus, with a flyby in 1986, and no mission is currently planned to this enigmatic system. However, a mission to the uranian system would open a new window on the origin and evolution of the Solar System and would provide crucial information on a wide variety of physicochemical processes in our Solar System. These have clear implications for understanding exoplanetary systems. In this paper we describe the science case for an orbital mission to Uranus with an atmospheric entry probe to sample the composition and atmospheric physics in Uranus' atmosphere. The characteristics of such an orbiter and a strawman scientific payload are described and we discuss the technical challenges for such a mission. This paper is based on a white paper submitted to the European Space Agency's call for science themes for its large-class mission programme in 2013.
Fichier principal
2014_Arridge et al., PSS, 1-s2.0-S0032063314002335-main.pdf (3.13 Mo)
Télécharger le fichier
| Origine | Fichiers éditeurs autorisés sur une archive ouverte |
|---|