Fast Update of Conditional Simulation Ensembles
Abstract
Gaussian random fields (GRF) conditional simulation is a key ingredient in many spatial statistics problems for computing Monte-Carlo estimators and quantifying uncertainties on non-linear functionals of GRFs conditional on data. Conditional simulations are known to often be computer intensive, especially when appealing to matrix decomposition approaches with a large number of simulation points. Here we study the settings where conditioning observations are assimilated batch-sequentially, i.e. one point or batch of points at each stage. Assuming that conditional simulations have been performed at a previous stage, we aim at taking advantage of already available sample paths and by-products in order to produce updated conditional simulations at minimal cost. We provide explicit formulas allowing to update an ensemble of sample paths conditioned on $n\geq 0$ observations to an ensemble conditioned on $n+q$ observations, for arbitrary $q\geq 1$. Compared to direct approaches, the proposed formulas prove to substantially reduce computational complexity. Moreover, these formulas enable explicitly exhibiting how the $q$ ''new'' observations are updating the ''old'' sample paths. Detailed complexity calculations highlighting the benefits of our approach with respect to state-of-the-art algorithms are provided and are complemented by numerical experiments.
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