A Knowledge Management Tool for the Interconnection of Communities of Practice
Résumé
In their daily practice, practitioners belong to local communities of practice (CoPs) within their organisation and give each other advice or solve precise concrete problems bound to their working contexts. This knowledge is rarely capitalised upon because these discussions are mainly verbal, for example during coffee breaks. Practitioners can also belong to general CoPs appearing on the Web thanks to new technologies (e.g. forums, blogs, wikis). Within these general CoPs, discussions are rarely linked to the context in which they appeared, since the members are from different companies or institutions. The research work presented in this paper aims at (1) connecting these two levels of CoPs by contacting practitioners belonging to CoPs centred on the same general activity but who are geographically distributed and (2) capitalising on all the produced knowledge by contextualising it, so as to make it accessible to and reusable by all the members in their working contexts. We also aim at fostering the dissemination of knowledge from one CoP to another, to lead to the possible creation of new knowledge. We detail two main results of our research: (1) a model of the interconnection of CoPs (ICP) to support knowledge sharing and dissemination for CoPs interested in the same general activity; and (2) a specific knowledge management tool for the ICP knowledge base. We applied the model and platform to the case of university tutors by: (1) developing a use case, which links the model and the TE-Cap 2 platform and highlights the new possibilities offered by the knowledge management tool; and (2) conducting a descriptive investigation lasting for about five months.