Meritocracy of ties: genesis and reconfigurations of the space of economists in Brazil
Méritocratie des liens : genèse et reconfigurations de l'espace des économistes au Brésil
Meritocracia de laços: gênese e reconfigurações do espaço dos economistas no Brasil
Résumé
This study proposes to historically and socially embed the space of the economists in Brazil, addressing the ties between competing agents in order to establish boundaries and legitimacy principles of their knowledge and practice. The dissertation is dedicated to the study ofeconomyexperts whoare intransit betweentheacademy, the State, the private sector as well as between national and international spaces, emphasizing the convergence of two resources in accessing prestige and power positions: relationships with people and institutions and specialized credentials. Covering the period from the end of the 1930s to the beginning of 2000, the dissertation shows how the economists' space has become denser and which configurations and fragmentations prevailed at each point in time. Therefore, in order to emphasize the creation of ties over time, the analysis draws upon the interviews and secondary sources used to draw a network, which are presented at the end of each chapter. Data on social origins as well as professional careers was used to characterize each point of the system, revealing that bonds tend to be created between individuals who are socially similar, caused by structural proximity. The oxymoron "meritocracy of ties" features a study in which, despite the progressive appreciation of specialized qualification for the exercise of prestigious roles in economy, the importance of social capital as a route to access power is preserved as fundamental.
Cette recherche vise à enraciner historiquement et socialement l'espace des économistes au Brésil, en examinant les liens entre les agents concurrents afin d'établir les limites et les principes de légitimité de leur savoir et expertise. L'étude examine les mouvements des spécialistes de l'économie entre l’académie, l'État et le secteur privé, ainsi qu'entre les sphères nationale et internationale. La recherche couvre la période 1930-2010, montrant comment l'espace des économistes s'est élargi et quelles configurations et polarisations ont prévalu à chaque moment. Pour ce faire, des données sur les origines sociales et les trajectoires des agents ont été extraites d'entretiens et de sources secondaires, en mettant l'accent sur les liens qui les unissent au fil du temps. L'oxymore "méritocratie des liens" indique que, malgré la valorisation progressive des qualifications spécialisées, l'importance du capital social comme voie d'accès au pouvoir s'est maintenue.
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