“What has become of the economy of Philip II of Macedon’s kingdom following the Roman conquest of Macedonia?” This broad – but significant – question is of particular interest as Macedonia is often depicted as an interface between the Greek and the Barbarian world and a passageway between the East and the West through the Via Egnatia. However, following the battle of Pydna in 168 BC, literary sources are scarce on the history of the new Roman province. This historical silence can be interpreted in ways that the area seems neglected and totally devoid of any economic dynamism. This dissertation seeks to outline the economic organization of the Roman province of Macedonia, from the point of view of its inner, daily and domestic functioning rather than on its integration within the broad Mediterranean trading networks. In order to grasp the diversity of the economic strategies and the organization and occupation of the Macedonian landscape at a local and regional scales, this study will primarily focus on archaeological evidences. It will be based on an exhaustive and comprehensive collection of remains uncovered from rescue excavations and closely related to “production” and “economic mechanisms” such as agricultural installations, trading facilities and craft apparatuses and workspaces. The available data is plentiful, but the amount of information that can be extracted from them is often limited as most of the archaeological remnants cannot be investigated separately from one another. The methodology use to reconstruct parts of the economical system of Roman Macedonia will be based on an approach focusing on a global and contextual examination of the archaeological vestiges and on their interpretation within a broader historical frame.