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Thèse Année : 2015

Design and development of an isolated multicell DC/DC power converter for aeronautical applications

Conception et réalisation d'un convertisseur multicellulaire DC/DC isolé pour application aéronautique

Julio Cezar Brandelero
  • Fonction : Auteur
  • PersonId : 967900

Résumé

The electricity is taking a more important place in the embedded systems. The electricity is a very moldable form of energy, easy to transport and adjustable or transformed with a very low losses. The electrical energy, associated with power converters, is easier to control than hydraulic and/or pneumatic energies for example, allowing a finer regulation and a cost cutting of maintenance. The installed power in the avionic models is growing fast. With the increasing number of electronic loads, a more electrical aircraft with an AC network would include a large number of rectifiers AC/DC which will have to respect the quality standards. A solution for the reduction of the mass would be to prefer a HVDC network (High Voltage DC BUS). On the future more electrical aircrafts, the designers will be facing a HVDC/DC power conversion. This is the role of the unit called BBCU (Buck Boost Converter Unit). In our case of study, a distribution network in DC voltage (± 270Vdc) is connected to a security low-voltage network (28Vdc) which includes a bidirectional power exchanges achieving 10kW. The power converter for this connection gives new challenges for the power electronics in terms of reliability, safety, failure detection, efficiency and reduction of mass and cost. The design of the power converter needs to take into account for an optimal design. It is thus imperative to take into account three main factors: 1) the evolution of the power topologies 2) the evolution of the active and passive devices and 3) the power integration. The meeting of these three factors will allow the miniaturization of the power converters. At first, the adopted approach for designing power converters, taking into account the power topology, the differential filters and the cooling system are presented. The various elements which compose the power converter are described in an Object-Oriented Programming. The performance factors will be introduced to facilitate the choice of semiconductors, capacitors and heat-sinks. Secondly, the operation phases of a multicellular isolated DC/DC topology for the proposed application are presented. A discussion of the advantages of the magnetic coupling is also introduced. Thanks to the isolation, different associations of switching cells, series or/and parallel connection, are possible. Knowing the losses of power semiconductors is an essential step to design a power converter, thus two approaches are proposed: 1) a simulation model using a relatively simple model with the datasheets information; and 2) a losses measurement method which is precise and compatible with the fastest devices. As regards the magnetic components, a response surface of ferrite materials will be presented. Some models for the determination of the magnetic field inside the core and the current ripple are also described. Finally, by taking advantage of models and results obtained in the previous sections, the design and the realization of each party of the BBCU power converter 100kHz / 10kW is showed. A perspective of an ideal design is also presented.
Sur les futurs modèles avioniques l’électricité prend une place de plus en plus importante. L’énergie électrique, associée à des convertisseurs statiques, est plus facile à maitriser que, par exemple, l’énergie hydraulique et/ou pneumatique, permettant ainsi un réglage plus fin et une simplification structurelle des avions. Dans ce cadre, les concepteurs envisageront des conversions HVDC/DC qui représentent de nouveaux défis pour l’électronique de puissance en termes de : fiabilité, rendement et réduction de masse et de coût. Dans ce cas d’étude, des routines informatiques d’optimisation associées à des modèles de pertes ont été développés pour nous orienter vers la réalisation d’un convertisseur multicellulaire DC/DC isolé à forte densité massique. Ce convertisseur a bénéficié de la mise en œuvre des nouveaux composants de puissance à large bande interdite, comme le SiC et le GaN.
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Dates et versions

tel-01169165 , version 1 (28-06-2015)
tel-01169165 , version 2 (09-10-2023)

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Julio Cezar Brandelero. Conception et réalisation d'un convertisseur multicellulaire DC/DC isolé pour application aéronautique. Energie électrique. INP DE TOULOUSE, 2015. Français. ⟨NNT : ⟩. ⟨tel-01169165v1⟩
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