Monitoring Macrophage Polarization in Infectious Disease, Lesson From SARS‐CoV‐2 Infection
Résumé
The concept of macrophage polarization has been largely used in human diseases to define a typology of activation of myeloid cells reminiscent of lymphocyte functional subsets. In COVID‐19, several studies have investigated myeloid compartment dysregulation and macrophage polarization as an indicator of disease prognosis and monitoring. SARS‐CoV‐2 induces an in vitro activation state in monocytes and macrophages that does not match the polarization categories in most studies. In COVID‐19 patients, monocytes and macrophages are activated but they do not show a polarization profile. Therefore, the investigation of polarization under basic conditions was not relevant to assess monocyte and macrophage activation. The analysis of monocytes and macrophages with high‐throughput methods has allowed the identification of new functional subsets in the context of COVID‐19. This approach proposes an innovative stratification of myeloid cell activation. These new functional subsets of myeloid cells would be better biomarkers to assess the risk of complications in COVID‐19, reserving the concept of polarization for pharmacological programme evaluation. This review reappraises the polarization of monocytes and macrophages in viral infections, particularly in COVID‐19.
Mots clés
- fetus
- Monkeypox
- placenta
- pregnancy
- vertical transmission
- antiviral response
- macrophage polarization profiles
- macrophages
- monkeypox virus
- ACE
- angiotensin converting enzyme Ang
- angiotensin ARDS
- acute respiratory distress syndrome BAL
- bronchoalveolar lavage C/EBP
- CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein COMBAT
- COVID-19 multi-omics blood atlas COVID-19
- coronavirus disease 2019 CTLA
- cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein DAMP
- damage-associated molecular pattern FABP4
- fatty acid binding protein 4 FCN1
- ficolin1 GAS
- growth-arrest-specific HLA
- human leucocyte antigen ICU
- intensive care unit IFN
- interferon IL
- interleukin ILC
- innate lymphoid cell IRF
- IFN regulatory factors LGMN
- legumin lncRNA
- long noncoding RNA LPS
- lipopolysaccharide LXR
- liver X receptor MDM
- monocyte-derived macrophages MERS-CoV
- middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus MERTK
- Mer tyrosine kinase MHC
- major histocompatibility complex miRNA
- microRNA MMP
- metalloproteinase MRC1
- mannose receptor respiratory syncytial virus SARS-CoV
- severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus scRNAseq
- single cell RNA sequencing SPP1
- secreted phosphoprotein 1 STAT
- signal transducer and activator of transcription TCA
- tricarboxylic acid TGF
- transforming growth factor TGM2
- transglutaminase 2 TLR
- toll like receptor TMPRSS2
- transmembrane serine protease 2 TNF
- tumour necrosis factor WHO
- world health organization
- angiotensin converting enzyme
- Ang
- angiotensin
- ARDS
- acute respiratory distress syndrome
- BAL
- bronchoalveolar lavage
- C/EBP
- CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein
- COMBAT
- COVID-19 multi-omics blood atlas
- COVID-19
- coronavirus disease 2019
- CTLA
- cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein
- DAMP
- damage-associated molecular pattern
- FABP4
- fatty acid binding protein 4
- FCN1
- ficolin1
- GAS
- growth-arrest-specific
- HLA
- human leucocyte antigen
- ICU
- intensive care unit
- IFN
- interferon
- IL
- interleukin
- ILC
- innate lymphoid cell
- IRF
- IFN regulatory factors
- LGMN
- legumin
- lncRNA
- long noncoding RNA
- LPS
- lipopolysaccharide
- LXR
- liver X receptor
- MDM
- monocyte-derived macrophages
- MERS-CoV
- middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus
- MERTK
- Mer tyrosine kinase
- MHC
- major histocompatibility complex
- miRNA
- microRNA
- MMP
- metalloproteinase
- MRC1
- mannose receptor respiratory syncytial virus
- SARS-CoV
- severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus
- scRNAseq
- single cell RNA sequencing
- SPP1
- secreted phosphoprotein 1
- STAT
- signal transducer and activator of transcription
- TCA
- tricarboxylic acid
- TGF
- transforming growth factor
- TGM2
- transglutaminase 2
- TLR
- toll like receptor
- TMPRSS2
- transmembrane serine protease 2
- TNF
- tumour necrosis factor
- WHO
Domaines
| Origine | Publication financée par une institution |
|---|---|
| Licence |