Literature Review on Semantic Enrichment of BIM Models to Consider Occupational Health and Safety Requirements
Résumé
The use of Building Information Modelling (BIM) technology in architectural projects stakeholders to collaborate around a digital mock-up that contains all relevant and shared information throughout a building’s lifecycle. One emerging application of BIM technology focuses on occupational health and safety by providing opportunities for safety risks prevention from the building’s design phase. In this context, BIM provides a set of standards that enable the modelling of the main building component. Although IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) is considered as a standardized, digital description of the built asset (ISO 16739–1:2018), it does not cover all the elements and properties necessary to represent and describe work activities related to requirements induced by the architectural model. Therefore, this situation makes the comprehensive formalization of safety requirements in buildings incomplete. It is thus necessary to add data information and knowledge from external sources. The objective of the article is to provide an in-depth analysis of the literature from 145 articles extracted over the last 5 years (2019–2023) regarding the representation of safety requirements in an IFC model based on work situations at different project phases. The analysis of the systematic review reveals that there are specific ontological knowledge models dedicated to health and safety, but it is important to consider both the contributions and limitations of these ontologies. This article examines how semantic enrichment of the IFC model tends to use in research projects to address this issue. In addition, these projects provides several use cases that facilitate risks factors identification, verify safety requirements, and propose recommendations occupational risk and safety prevention.