Getting rid of the “Bos/Bison” limitations: A new method using 2D geometric morphometrics
Résumé
In Western Europe, the subsistence of Palaeolithic hunter was mainly based on the hunting of Ungulates. Bovinae, in particular the fossil species Bison priscus (Steppe Bison) and Bos primigeniu (Aurochs), are found in the vast majority of faunal assemblages since the Middle Pleistocene. However, due to their strong anatomical similarities, the distinction between Bos and Bison is difficult. In faunal determination, the two genera are commonly grouped under the categories “Bos/Bison” or “Bovinae”, without further clarification. Being able to identify the presence of Aurochs and/or Bison have paleoenvironmental implications and provide key information for understanding past human-animal interactions, as the behaviour of these species differs (migratory animals favouring wide-open fields vs. sedentary grazer). While the two species likely represent different preys for humans, their resemblance challenges our ability to determine the hunting choices of Palaeolithic societies. How can we approach the subsistence strategies of humans without being able to distinguish between "Bovinae" taxa? Detailed morphometric analyses through 2D geometric morphometrics could be the answer to that question. In this communication, we present the first results of the morphological shape analysis of lower molars from a solid Bovinae referential, and henceforth propose a new method to distinguish between bison and aurochs.