The Archives of Historical Research as Sources for the History of Ethiopian Historiography in the Twentieth Century
Résumé
What materials are used in Ethiopia to make the history of historiography ? This question raises the problem of the marginal writings of research, those that inform us about the very process of elaborating historical knowledge: drafts, correspondence, meeting minutes, and colophons. This paper will present, for the contemporary period, the hitherto little explored corpus of Ethiopian historians’ personal archives, in particular, Marsǝʿe Ḫāzan Walda Qirqos and Mangǝśtu Tāyya collections. Traces of intense historical activity are to be found in their archives, particularly in the 1940s and 1950s. This shows a real dynamism in Ethiopian historiography. These archives thus allow us to question key notions of historical science in a new way: authorship, sources, and the question of practices. They also allow us to broaden our definition of the historiographical genre: the notion of māstāwašā, a form widely used by historians of the contemporary period and yet not categorized as a historical genre, will thus be the subject of development in the contribution. As many of these contemporary historians wrote historical texts about the Šawā region, I will use the example of unpublished texts on the History of Šawā, which is the topic of my thesis. It will be shown how a royal chronicle from the late nineteenth century was rewritten several times during the twentieth century and how these rewritings can illustrate important historiographical innovations of the contemporary period.
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