Chinese borrowed adjectives and manner adverbial in Dörbed Mongolian Community language and Dongxiang: a cross-Mongolic pattern?
Résumé
This study examines how Chinese borrowed adjectives are integrated into two Mongolic languages spoken in China-the Dörbed Mongolian Community Language (DMCL) in Heilongjiang and Dongxiang in Gansu. While both communities are extensively bilingual in Mongolic and Chinese and show similar borrowing tendencies, their patterns of adjective integration diverge. Using Matras (2009) borrowing framework, the study describes the morphosyntactic integration strategies of Chinese borrowed in each language, with compare to endemic stems in Mongolian proper and Chinese. Despite shared typological features and similar contact with Chinese varieties, the DMCL and Dongxiang display only partially overlapping patterns of integrating Chinese adjectives. Differences in morphosyntactic strategies reflect the influence of local sociolinguistic settings, the Chinese variety in contact, and community identity, highlighting the complex interplay of structural and social factors in loanword integration. However, in both language, Mongolic remains the matrix language, with Chinese elements inserted-a pattern warranting further investigation in Sino-Mongolic contact.
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