Achieving reduced latency and energy efficiency in Direct-to-Satellite LoRaWAN communications
Résumé
Direct-to-satellite (DtS) communications are becoming increasingly popular in the field of connected objects, since Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites can be easily deployed at lower and lower costs. In fact, a DtS Internet of Things (IoT) paves the way for the development of an incredibly vast gamut of monitoring applications for very inaccessible areas, e.g., oceans, mountains, and deserts. In this context, the medium access protocol used for Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) has recently been proposed as a viable solution for policing the communication between ground low power devices and LEO satellites equipped with LoRaWAN gateways. However, the default LoRaWAN medium access scheme is based on a "transmit first" policy that inevitably augments the collision rate among the increased number of concurrent devices in the satellite coverage. Instead, this paper focuses on a "listen first" policy enabled through LoRaWAN Class B beacons and the sole adoption of Activation-By-Personalization (ABP). In more detail, a wake-up strategy allowing ground LoRaWAN devices to intermittently switch on and off their own radio for listening to incoming beacons is studied and analyzed through simulations. By means of this investigation, it is possible to find the best timer settings guaranteeing a good compromise between energy saving and the need to reduce the time to catch the first beacon. Some preliminary results related to the availability of a single LoRaWAN-enabled LEO satellite show that a reduction of 33% in energy consumption can be achieved at the cost of a slightly increased "first catch" time.
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