Poster De Conférence Année : 2023

Food avoidance in anorexia nervosa patients: A gaze control study associated with food evaluation and preference tasks.

Résumé

Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is a psychiatric disorder with a prognosis often severe, characterized by irrational fear of weight gain, a strong desire to lose weight and dysmorphophobia. In order to lose weight, patients avoid high-calorie and high-fat foods. They routinely make poor choices despite knowledge of negative consequences on their health. Moreover, AN is frequently associated with high anxiety levels and resistance to treatment by the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) which can affect different processes underlying ood restriction, and more specifically ecision-making processes leading to the excess of food avoidance. Since food avoidance is a key symptom in this pathology, the research of its cognitive and functional bases, by taking into account comorbidity and treatments, appeared essential for us. For this, we built an experimental paradigm including gaze control during the performance of three tasks addressing: 1) the evaluation of the health and liking values of several food items, 2) the relative preferences between two items with different caloric or fat levels, and 3) the reject or the wanted quantity of each food item to compose a meal. To highlight the importance of active avoidance in AN patients, while taking into account the influence of patient profile, we submitted this protocol to 3 groups of AN patients (restrictive/bulimic profile; Anxious/non-anxious trait; with/without treatments) and a control group, matched in age and education level. Differences were observed between the patients profiles in their evaluation of the link between health and hedonic value of food items, their relative preferences in choice context as well as the number of high-calorie or high-fat foods rejected and the quantities of benefic items wanted to compose a meal. Furthermore, the choice context produces an attention bias toward the preferred items, and made patients to accept foods that they would rarely have accepted. Lastly, we hope results of this study will allow us to develop a tool for early diagnosis of the different AN forms, but also to guide and verify the effectiveness of therapeutic approaches adapted to their profile.

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Dates et versions

hal-04983931 , version 1 (10-03-2025)

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  • HAL Id : hal-04983931 , version 1

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Léon Tremblay, Amale Zemmahi, Ludwig Ségalen, Alexandre Breisse, Justine David, et al.. Food avoidance in anorexia nervosa patients: A gaze control study associated with food evaluation and preference tasks.. NeuroFrance, May 2023, Lyon, France. ⟨hal-04983931⟩
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