Communication Dans Un Congrès Année : 2022

From microscopic to macroscopic descriptions of food contamination by recycled papers and boards

Résumé

Introduction Contrarily to recycled plastics, recycled cellulosic materials are not decontaminated before being incorporated into food packaging. As a result, recycled paper and board are systematically contaminated by mineral oils, possibly carcinogenic, and phthalates, recognized as endocrine disruptors. To address these issues, France established severe restrictions to limit the exposure of its consumers to these substances. The MCDA sheet N°4 (01/01/2019) of the French DGCCRF enforces strict control migration of these substances from packaging, even without contact. More recently, and under the French anti-waste law N°2020-105, the phasing out of mineral oils from all printing ink applications is scheduled by 2023 (draft order TREP2105211A). This study explores the mass transfer conditions of these substances at the macroscopic and microscopic scales. Method Mass transfers were studied at the scale of fibers via microscopic Raman spectroscopy and laser scanning confocal microscopy. Macroscopic mass transfers were studied from mass balance and analyzed concentration profiles in stacked paper sheets. Blotting paper, fully characterized in scanned electron microscopy and X-ray microcomputed tomography, was used as reference material. Contaminated materials were obtained either by dipping (surface adhesion) or by impregnating (surface and internal impregnation) fibers with the desired substances by choosing a non-wetting and wetting solvent, respectively. The initial and final distributions of substances were reconstructed from 2D and 3D image analysis. Results The initial distribution of chemicals was affected by two independent factors: the method of incorporation and the intrinsic properties of the substance. Molecules with high melting points tend to crystallize in non-wetting droplets, whereas they are more spread on all fiber surfaces using a wetting solvent. A significant discrepancy in initial chemical potentials was identified between both configurations and confirmed by the extent of mass transfer, with well-dispersed mineral oils giving the fastest mass transfer. Substances with a liquid reference state were dispersed more homogeneously at the surface and resulted in a faster mass transfer. Conclusion A first mass transfer study integrating a vaporization/condensation scenario between fibers is presented and discussed based on the contamination of recycled paper and board by mineral oils reported in the literature.

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hal-04978219 , version 1 (05-03-2025)

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  • HAL Id : hal-04978219 , version 1

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Lucas Biant, Phuong-Mai Nguyen, Murielle Hayert, Olivier Vitrac, Sandra Domenek. From microscopic to macroscopic descriptions of food contamination by recycled papers and boards. 36th EFFoST International Conference 2022 Shaping the Production of Sustainable, Healthy Foods for the Future, Nov 2022, Dublin, Ireland. ⟨hal-04978219⟩
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