Homogenizing out-of-plane cation composition in perovskite solar cells
2 SUSTech - Southern University of Science and Technology
3 Northeast Agricultural University [Harbin]
4 Wuhan University [China]
5 SKKU - Sungkyunkwan University [Suwon]
6 SSRF - Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility
7 Shandong University
8 SIAP - Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics
9 HKUST - Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
10 STEP - Synthèse, Structure et Propriétés de Matériaux Fonctionnels
11 FZJ - Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Jülich | Juelich Research Centre
12 Universität Duisburg-Essen = University of Duisburg-Essen [Essen]
13 NCEPU - State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources [Beijing]
14 CAS - Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing]
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Résumé
Abstract Perovskite solar cells with the formula FA 1− x Cs x PbI 3 , where FA is formamidinium, provide an attractive option for integrating high efficiency, durable stability and compatibility with scaled-up fabrication. Despite the incorporation of Cs cations, which could potentially enable a perfect perovskite lattice 1,2 , the compositional inhomogeneity caused by A-site cation segregation is likely to be detrimental to the photovoltaic performance of the solar cells 3,4 . Here we visualized the out-of-plane compositional inhomogeneity along the vertical direction across perovskite films and identified the underlying reasons for the inhomogeneity and its potential impact for devices. We devised a strategy using 1-(phenylsulfonyl)pyrrole to homogenize the distribution of cation composition in perovskite films. The resultant p–i–n devices yielded a certified steady-state photon-to-electron conversion efficiency of 25.2% and durable stability.