Significance of void fraction in bubble clouds generated by single and multi-plunging jets
Résumé
Through laboratory-scale experiments using optical probes for precise measurement of the local bubble void fraction (\phi), we study the bubble cloud generated by circular plunging jets as they impact the free surface of a pool. We illustrate that a momentum balance, considering only liquid inertia and the buoyancy force resulting from the bubble cloud volume, offers a highly accurate estimate for the depth H, when \phi is known. Furthermore, we utilize a straightforward configuration of closely packed multi-injectors as a model to explore air entrainment by large-scale plunging jets. Our results show that, even in such complex scenarios, the depth of the cloud can be determined primarily by the balance between the inertia imparted by the plunging liquid jet and buoyancy, which is itself a function of the volume of the bubble cloud and of the bubble void fraction.
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