To encourage young generations to consume sustainably and engage in protein transition, this article investigates the mechanisms for entomophagy acceptance among adolescents. It applies social distinctiveness theory to propose a mediated model in which consumers’ need for uniqueness (CNFU), susceptibility to the normative influence of peers (SNI) and anti-consumption beliefs affect adolescents’ attitudes towards entomophagy, which in turn determine their intentions to try eating insects. Tests of the proposed model using structural equation modelling (SEM), with 918 French adolescents, affirm the hypothesised relationships and also reveal a moderating effect of gender, such that CNFU and anti-consumption beliefs are instrumental for boys, whereas SNI is key for girls. These differences emphasise the need for different public policy, and educational and retailing approaches for adolescents, to help improve their attitudes towards sustainable food options.