Winter oilseed rape (WOSR, Brassica napus L.) is the third largest oil crop worldwide that also provides a source of high quality plant-based proteins. Nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) play a key role in plant growth. Determination of N and C contents of plant tissues throughout the growth cycle is crucial in2assessing plant nutritional status and allowing precise input management. In the dataset presented inthis article, 2427 WOSR samples arising from a large diversity of tissues collected on WOSR diversitywere analyzed by near infrared spectroscopy from 4000 to 12000 cm-1. At the same time, referencechemical data for the N and C contents of the same samples were determined by elemental analysisusing the Dumas method. Partial least squares regression has been used to develop predictive modelslinking spectral and chemical data, so that new samples can be characterized without the need forreference methods. This dataset could be used to test new calculation algorithms in order to enhanceprediction performance or for training purposes. These models can be used as a rapid method fordetermining N and/or C content, adding to decision-support tools for fertilizer application throughoutthe plant developmental cycle.