Geopolitics of the EU energy transition
Résumé
Even when geopolitical challenges of the energy transition are seen through the lens of politics only, concerns related to environmental sustainability and to human rights deserve attention. A growing divide between an imagined “Global South” and Europe alleged to apply double standards might erode EU’s legitimacy and influence. The EU can neither negate down its ambitions nor ignore its historical responsibility in the volume of carbon stuck in the atmosphere or forget its colonial past. As 80% of the emissions will come in the next 30 years from emerging economies, the EU will have to imagine a new partnership with them that would address both EU climate ambitions and sustainability issues abroad. Such a partnership will be especially important with countries exporting metals and green hydrogen (particularly in Africa). While assessing the geopolitical risks associated with the external dimension of the Green Deal, local communities’ expectations, water scarcity and biodiversity concerns should in this respect not be overlooked. The way geography is shaping geopolitics indeed matters.
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