2024 roadmap for sustainable batteries
Magda Titirici
(1)
,
Patrik Johansson
(2, 3)
,
Maria Crespo Ribadeneyra
(4)
,
Heather Au
(1)
,
Alessandro Innocenti
(5, 6)
,
Stefano Passerini
(5, 6, 7)
,
Evi Petavratzi
(8)
,
Paul Lusty
(8)
,
Annika Ahlberg Tidblad
(9, 10)
,
Andrew Naylor
(10)
,
Reza Younesi
(10)
,
Yvonne Chart
(11, 12)
,
Jack Aspinall
(11, 12)
,
Mauro Pasta
(11, 12)
,
Joseba Orive
(13)
,
Lakshmipriya Musuvadhi Babulal
(13)
,
Marine Reynaud
(13)
,
Kenneth Latham
(1)
,
Tomooki Hosaka
(14)
,
Shinichi Komaba
(14)
,
Jan Bitenc
(15)
,
Alexandre Ponrouch
(16)
,
Heng Zhang
(17)
,
Michel Armand
(13)
,
Robert Kerr
(18)
,
Patrick Howlett
(18)
,
Maria Forsyth
(18)
,
John Brown
(19, 20, 3)
,
Alexis Grimaud
(19, 20, 21)
,
Marja Vilkman
(22)
,
Kamil Burak Dermenci
(23)
,
Seyedabolfazl Mousavihashemi
(22)
,
Maitane Berecibar
(23)
,
Jean Marshall
(24)
,
Con Robert Mcelroy
(25)
,
Emma Kendrick
(26)
,
Tayeba Safdar
(12, 27)
,
Chun Huang
(12, 27, 28)
,
Franco Zanotto
(29, 20)
,
Javier Troncoso
(29, 20)
,
Diana Zapata Dominguez
(29, 20)
,
Mohammed Alabdali
(29)
,
Utkarsh Vijay
(29, 3)
,
Alejandro Franco
(29, 20, 3, 30)
,
Sivaraj Pazhaniswamy
(11)
,
Patrick Grant
(11)
,
Stiven López Guzman
(13, 31)
,
Marcus Fehse
(13)
,
Montserrat Galceran
(13)
,
Néstor Antuñano
(13)
1
Department of Chemical Engineering [Imperial College London]
2 Chalmers University of Technology [Göteborg]
3 ALISTORE-ERI - Advanced Lithium Energy Storage Systems - ALISTORE-ERI
4 SEMS - School of Engineering and Materials Science [London]
5 Electrochemical Energy Storage [Ulm]
6 KIT - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology = Karlsruher Institut für Technologie
7 Dipartimento di Chimica [Roma]
8 UCL - University College of London [London]
9 Volvo Car Corporation
10 Department of Chemistry - Ångström [Uppsala]
11 Department of Materials
12 UKHSA - UK Health Security Agency [London]
13 CIC ENERGIGUNE - Parque Tecnol Alava
14 Department of Applied Chemistry [Tokyo]
15 KI - National Institute of Chemistry [Llubljana]
16 ICMAB - Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona
17 HUST - Huazhong University of Science and Technology [Wuhan]
18 IFM - Institute for Frontier Materials
19 CSE - Chimie du solide et de l'énergie
20 RS2E - Réseau sur le stockage électrochimique de l'énergie
21 BC - Boston College
22 VTT - VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland
23 VUB - Vrije Universiteit Brussel [Bruxelles]
24 University of Warwick [Coventry]
25 University of Lincoln [UK]
26 University of Birmingham [Birmingham]
27 Imperial College London
28 RAL - STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
29 LRCS - Laboratoire réactivité et chimie des solides - UMR CNRS 7314 UPJV
30 IUF - Institut universitaire de France
31 UPV / EHU - Universidad del País Vasco [Espainia] / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea [España] = University of the Basque Country [Spain] = Université du pays basque [Espagne]
2 Chalmers University of Technology [Göteborg]
3 ALISTORE-ERI - Advanced Lithium Energy Storage Systems - ALISTORE-ERI
4 SEMS - School of Engineering and Materials Science [London]
5 Electrochemical Energy Storage [Ulm]
6 KIT - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology = Karlsruher Institut für Technologie
7 Dipartimento di Chimica [Roma]
8 UCL - University College of London [London]
9 Volvo Car Corporation
10 Department of Chemistry - Ångström [Uppsala]
11 Department of Materials
12 UKHSA - UK Health Security Agency [London]
13 CIC ENERGIGUNE - Parque Tecnol Alava
14 Department of Applied Chemistry [Tokyo]
15 KI - National Institute of Chemistry [Llubljana]
16 ICMAB - Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona
17 HUST - Huazhong University of Science and Technology [Wuhan]
18 IFM - Institute for Frontier Materials
19 CSE - Chimie du solide et de l'énergie
20 RS2E - Réseau sur le stockage électrochimique de l'énergie
21 BC - Boston College
22 VTT - VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland
23 VUB - Vrije Universiteit Brussel [Bruxelles]
24 University of Warwick [Coventry]
25 University of Lincoln [UK]
26 University of Birmingham [Birmingham]
27 Imperial College London
28 RAL - STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
29 LRCS - Laboratoire réactivité et chimie des solides - UMR CNRS 7314 UPJV
30 IUF - Institut universitaire de France
31 UPV / EHU - Universidad del País Vasco [Espainia] / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea [España] = University of the Basque Country [Spain] = Université du pays basque [Espagne]
Magda Titirici
- Fonction : Auteur
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Patrik Johansson
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Heather Au
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Alessandro Innocenti
- Fonction : Auteur
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Evi Petavratzi
- Fonction : Auteur
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Andrew Naylor
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Reza Younesi
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Yvonne Chart
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Mauro Pasta
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Joseba Orive
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Lakshmipriya Musuvadhi Babulal
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Marine Reynaud
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Jan Bitenc
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Alexandre Ponrouch
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Heng Zhang
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Michel Armand
- Fonction : Auteur
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Maria Forsyth
- Fonction : Auteur
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John Brown
- Fonction : Auteur
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Marja Vilkman
- Fonction : Auteur
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Kamil Burak Dermenci
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Seyedabolfazl Mousavihashemi
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Maitane Berecibar
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Jean Marshall
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Con Robert Mcelroy
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Emma Kendrick
- Fonction : Auteur
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Chun Huang
- Fonction : Auteur
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- ORCID : 0000-0001-6548-2977
Franco Zanotto
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Javier Troncoso
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Diana Zapata Dominguez
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Utkarsh Vijay
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Alejandro Franco
- Fonction : Auteur
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- IdRef : 09825832X
Sivaraj Pazhaniswamy
- Fonction : Auteur
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Patrick Grant
- Fonction : Auteur
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- ORCID : 0000-0002-7942-7837
Marcus Fehse
- Fonction : Auteur
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- ORCID : 0000-0001-8650-6974
Montserrat Galceran
- Fonction : Auteur
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- ORCID : 0000-0002-8749-9371
Néstor Antuñano
- Fonction : Auteur
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- ORCID : 0000-0003-3341-6603
Résumé
Modern batteries are highly complex devices. The cells contain many components—which in turn all have many variations, both in terms of chemistry and physical properties. A few examples: the active materials making the electrodes are coated on current collectors using solvents, binders and additives; the multicomponent electrolyte, contains salts, solvents, and additives; the electrolyte can also be a solid ceramic, polymer or a glass material; batteries also contain a separator, which can be made of glass fibres, polymeric, ceramic, composite, etc. Moving up in scale all these components are assembled in cells of different formats and geometries, coin cells and Swagelok cells for funamental testing and understanding, and pouch, prismatic and cylindrical cells for application. Given this complexity dictated by so many components and variations, there is no wonder that addressing the crucial issue of true sustainability is an extremely challenging task. How can we make sure that each component is sustainable? How can the performance can be delivered using more sustainable battery components? What actions do we need to take to address battery sustainability properly? How do we actually qualify and quantify the sustainability in the best way possible? And perhaps most importantly; how can we all work—academia and battery industry together—to enable the latter to manufacture more sustainable batteries for a truly cleaner future? This Roadmap assembles views from experts from academia, industry, research institutes, and other organisations on how we could and should achieve a more sustainable battery future. The palette has many colours: it discusses the very definition of a sustainable battery, the need for diversification beyond lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the importance of sustainability assessments, the threat of scarcity of raw materials and the possible impact on future manufacturing of LIBs, the possibility of more sustainable cells by electrode and electrolyte chemistries as well as manufacturing, the important role of new battery chemistries, the crucial role of AI and automation in the discovery of the truly sustainable batteries of the future and the importance of developimg a circular battery economy.