Colonization and extinction lags drive non-linear responses to warming in mountain plant communities across the Northern Hemisphere - Archive ouverte HAL
Journal Articles Ecography Year : 2024

Colonization and extinction lags drive non-linear responses to warming in mountain plant communities across the Northern Hemisphere

Billur Bektaş
Chelsea Chisholm
  • Function : Author
Dagmar Egelkraut
  • Function : Author
Joshua Lynn
  • Function : Author
Sebastián Block
  • Function : Author
Thomas Deola
  • Function : Author
Fanny Dommanget
Brian Enquist
Deborah Goldberg
  • Function : Author
Sylvia Haider
Aud H Halbritter
Yongtao He
  • Function : Author
Renaud Jaunatre
Anke Jentsch
Paul Kardol
Kari Klanderud
Susanne Lachmuth
Tamara Münkemüller
Georg Niedrist
Hanna Nomoto
  • Function : Author
Lorah Seltzer
  • Function : Author
Joachim P. Topper
  • Function : Author
Lisa J. Rew
  • Function : Author
Tim Seipel
Manzoor Shah
  • Function : Author
Richard J Telford
Tom Walker
Shiping Wang
David A Wardle
Peter Wolff
Yan Yang
  • Function : Author
Vigdis Vandvik
Jake Alexander

Abstract

Global warming is changing plant communities due to the arrival of new species from warmer regions and declining abundance of cold-adapted species. However, experimentally testing predictions about trajectories and rates of community change is challenging because we normally lack an expectation for future community composition, and most warming experiments fail to incorporate colonization by novel species. To address these issues, we analyzed data from 44 whole-community transplant experiments along 22 elevational gradients across the Northern Hemisphere. In these experiments, high-elevation communities were transplanted to lower elevations to simulate warming, while also removing dispersal barriers for lower-elevation species to establish. We quantified the extent and pace at which warmed high-elevation communities shifted towards the taxonomic composition of lower elevation communities. High-elevation plant communities converged towards the composition of low-elevation communities, with higher rates under stronger experimental warming. Strong community shifts occurred in the first year after transplantation then slowed over time, such that communities remained distinct from both origin and destination control by the end of the experimental periods (3-9 years). Changes were driven to a similar extent by both new species colonization and abundance shifts of high-elevation species, but with substantial variation across experiments that could be partly explained by the magnitude and duration of experimental warming, plot size and functional traits. Our macroecological approach reveals that while warmed high-elevation communities increasingly resemble communities at lower elevations today, the slow pace of taxonomic shifts implies considerable colonization and extinction lags, where a novel taxonomic composition of both low-and high-elevation species could coexist for long periods of time. The important contribution of the colonizing species to community change also indicates that once dispersal barriers are overcome, warmed high-elevation communities are vulnerable to encroachment from lower elevation species.

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Dates and versions

hal-04760128 , version 1 (30-10-2024)

Identifiers

  • HAL Id : hal-04760128 , version 1

Cite

Billur Bektaş, Chelsea Chisholm, Dagmar Egelkraut, Joshua Lynn, Sebastián Block, et al.. Colonization and extinction lags drive non-linear responses to warming in mountain plant communities across the Northern Hemisphere. Ecography, inPress. ⟨hal-04760128⟩
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