Stéréotypes et identité de genre attribués à Marine le Pen, présidente du Front National
Résumé
This study explore how citizens see Marine Le Pen, political leader of the french radical right wing, president of the National Front and Member of European Parliament. We asked to a sample of citizens (n = 397) to completed a questionnaire : First, we collected warmth and competence levels as seen by citizens concerning Marine Le Pen by using the Stereotype Content Model, already used for Hillary Clinton and Sarah Palin in the past. Thereafter, we gathered gender identity assigned to the president of the National Front by citizens using the Bem Sex Role Inventory, once used in order to evaluate charistmatic leaders on their perceived gender identity. We run analyses in regard to gender and political positioning of the participants. Results show that participants perceive Marine Le Pen as significantly more competent than warm and more masculine than feminine. In addition, a significant effect of political positioning on the Setereotype Content Model and the Bem Sex Role Inventory was found, along with a significant effect of participants gender on the Bem Sex Role Inventory. However, no interaction appears between independent variables. These results confirm the fact that radical right participants see Marine Le Pen more positively, and, which is interesting for predicting voting behavior, women more than men seem to figure the president of the National Front with a strong masculine gender identity, the kind of identity assigned to positions of power. We can interpret our findings as an expression for radical right people of an ingroup favoritism towards a politician whose they feel close in terms of political idelology. Differences concerning participants gender can also be explain by an ingroup favoritsim of women for Marine Le Pen, by assigning her a strong masculine identity and a weaker feminine identity, people imagining power with terms which have masculine connotation. This analysis of the results, along with the lack of interaction between indepedent variables, incite us to search for variables which enable us to develop a suitable, accurate and effective voting model.
Cette étude s'intéresse à la vision qu'ont les citoyens de Marine Le Pen, leader politique de l'extrême droite française, présidente du parti Front National (FN) et députée européenne. Dans la continuité des travaux de recherche menés sur Christiane Taubira (Ailloud et Doutre, 2014), nous avons cherché à recueillir les niveaux de chaleur et de compétence attribués à Marine Le Pen en utilisant le Stereotype Content Model. De plus, nous avons cherché à mesurer l'identité de genre perçue de la présidente du FN à l'aide du Bem Sex Role Inventory. Les résultats furent analysés via les regroupements de participants (n = 397) suivant : le genre et le positionnement politique. Il est apparu que les participants possèdent une vision de Marine Le Pen comme étant significativement plus compétente que chaleureuse et plus masculine que féminine. Ces résultats confirment que Marine Le Pen est vue de manière plus positive par les personnes situées à l'extrême droite de l'échiquier politique et, ce qui est intéressant en terme de prédiction de vote, les femmes semblent imaginer plus que les hommes la présidente du FN comme possédant une identité masculine forte, identité attribuée aux postes de pouvoir.