Improvement of meiotic recombination (also called crossover; CO) has become a main issue in crop improvement since it allows reshuffling of the genetic material between individuals and/or between species. However, even if considerable progress has been made in deciphering meiotic recombination in plants during the last decade, much of that work has focused on diploid model species like Arabidopsis and thus largely ignored possibilities of practical exploitation. For example, bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.; 2n = 6x = 42; AABBDD) is an allopolyploid species, in which recombination is a rare event (one CO/chromosome arm/meiosis) that locates almost only distally on the chromosomes, which reduces drastically the genes’ admixture in the pericentromeric regions while these latter bear ~50% of the genes. Moreover, when negative linkages between antagonistic genes exist within these regions, these are almost impossible to break. In order to improve recombination in wheat, we focused on genes known to affect this process in Arabidopsis such as FancM, Figl1 or RecQ4. Development of mutants for these genes resulted in mixed effects on recombination with associated significant loss of fertility. Meiotic process was disturbed leading to higher frequency of aneuploid gametes or occurrence of multivalents. However, recombination can be improved in some cases suggesting that this could be helpful for improvement of breeding strategies.